Many African countries began reinvesting in access to education in the late 1990s. Much of the investment was motivated by the UN Millennium Development Goals, which set the goal of achieving universal primary education. Because of that, governments across the continent abolished school fees and introduced capitation grants to replace household contributions. As a result, enrollment rates rose significantly. However, the large increase in enrollment rates created a new challenge for African governments, which is an increased demand for secondary education. As the cohorts who began primary education in the early 2000s, governments are now facing political pressure to invest in secondary-school access to meet the excess demand.There are also success stories. In 2004, the government of Tanzania implemented a new policy aiming to increase secondary school enrollment by adding classrooms to existing schools, as well as building new regional institutions. In a few years, the number of secondary schools in Tanzania increased by more than 3,000 and student enrollment quadrupled.